Primary Embedded in Secondary Sources
Banliang and qianfan of the Qin dynasty. Digital image. Cultural China. Cultural China, n.d. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. <http://www.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/images/exbig_images/46ee19b99be364bbe1f019c3ebfe3aa7.jpg>.
This image which was used in a slideshow on our site shows banliang from the Qin dynasty, as well as qianfan, which were the molds in which the banliang were made.
Confucius discussing various aspects of Confucianism. Digital image. Open Campus. Riverside Community College District, n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2014. <http://faculty.rcc.edu/mahon/Confucianism/Confucius.jpg>.
This JPEG image which was used in our site depicts a Chinese scroll showing Confucius discussing aspects of Confucianism with his students.
Confucius. N.d. Photograph. The Granger Collection, New York. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. <http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/82/8482-004-7D9CC6B2.jpg>.
This photograph, which was used in our site, is of a paper gouache depicting Confucius, which was made c.1700 AD.
Emperor Kangxi. Digital image. China Highlights. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2014. <http://www.chinahighlights.com/image/travelguide/culture/kangxi-emperor.jpg>.
This image of the Emperor Kangxi was used on our site.
Fangyi. N.d. Photograph. Freer Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. <http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/55/11955-004-D217CA89.jpg>.
This photograph which was used in a slideshow on our site shows a bronze fangyi. It helped us to show an example of the evolved bronze-ware during the Zhou period.
Gong. N.d. Photograph. Freer Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. <http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/66/10366-004-663610AA.jpg>.
This photograph which was used in a slideshow on our site shows a Shang period gong, in the traditional bronze. It helped us to show an example of the bronze-ware of early China.
Gu. N.d. Photograph. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. <http://media-1.web.britannica.com/eb-media/68/10368-004-23EA7468.jpg>.
This photograph which was used in a slideshow on our site shows a traditional Shang period gu, made of the typical bronze. It helped us to show an example of the bronze-ware in early China.
Hongwu. N.d. Photograph. National Palace Museum, Taipei. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 12 Jan. 2014. <http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/92/24792-004-8526CBC6.jpg>.
This black and white photograph which was used as an image on our site is of an inkwork of the rebel leader and emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, depicted in his imperial clothing.
Inkwork of Zhou chariots. Digital image. Cultural China. Cultural China, n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. <http://history.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/2009-12/17/zhou_dynasty_10th_century_bc__256_bcca8da6d282eaaeeb5d9e.jpg>.
This image which was used on our site depicts an inkwork from the Zhou period of Zhou chariots riding with their flags raised.
Jia. N.d. Photograph. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. <http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/77/12977-004-D0359AD0.jpg>.
This photograph which was used in a slideshow on our site shows a Shang period jia of the traditional bronze. It helped us to show an example of the bronze-ware of early China.
Opium Wars: Second Opium War, Woodcarving. 1856-60. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 12 Jan. 2014. <http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/63/100363-004-6BAD5889.jpg>.
This photograph of a woodcarving depicting a scene from the Second Opium War was used as an image on our site.
Polo, Marco: Marco Polo, His Uncle, and His Father Presenting the Pope’s Letter at the Court of Kublai Khan. N.d. Photograph. Bodleian Library, Oxford. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. <http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/00/121200-004-96639C57.jpg>.
This photograph which was used in our site is of an image in an illuminated manuscript from Europe. It depicts, in an extremely Westernized way, Marco Polo and his company in the court of the Yuan emperor, Kublai Khan.
Qin character writing. Digital image. Cultural China. Cultural China, n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. <http://arts.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/2009-09/11/different_styles_of_chinese_character_writing57829c1d2cf9bfada409.jpg>.
This image which was used in a slideshow on our site depicts Qin character writing. It helped us to show the standardization of writing during the Qin dynasty.
Silk: Embroidered Silk with Dragon, Phoenix, and Tiger Pattern. N.d. Photograph. Jingzhou Museum, Hubei Province, China. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. <http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/00/59200-004-397FBC3B.jpg>.
This photograph which was used in a slideshow on our site is of an embroidered silk artwork depicting animals and creatures from Zhou period folklore. It helped us to show an example of Zhou fabric design.
Xunzi. "Human Nature Is Evil." Xunzi. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Asia for Educators. Web. 3 Nov. 2013. <http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/cup/xunzi_human_nature.pdf>.
This source helped us to understand the principles of Confucian teachings according to Xunzi's views. The essay described vividly his opinions on human nature, which told that humans are naturally moved to unhealthy desire and greed, and unless such actions were curbed, society would dissolve to chaos and disorder. He also emphasized the great difference between nature and nurture.
Yongle. N.d. Photograph. National Palace Museum, Taipei. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 12 Jan. 2014. <http://media-1.web.britannica.com/eb-media/26/26926-004-65ECA8FF.jpg>.
This photograph of a portrait of Yongle was used as an image on our site.
Zhou Dynasty: Lacquerware. N.d. Photograph. Seattle Art Museum, Seattle. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. <http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/73/7973-004-ACA813C7.jpg>.
This photograph which was used in a slideshow on our site is of a wooden bowl with lacquer designs of birds and animals. It helped us to show an example of the lacquerware of the Zhou period.
This image which was used in a slideshow on our site shows banliang from the Qin dynasty, as well as qianfan, which were the molds in which the banliang were made.
Confucius discussing various aspects of Confucianism. Digital image. Open Campus. Riverside Community College District, n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2014. <http://faculty.rcc.edu/mahon/Confucianism/Confucius.jpg>.
This JPEG image which was used in our site depicts a Chinese scroll showing Confucius discussing aspects of Confucianism with his students.
Confucius. N.d. Photograph. The Granger Collection, New York. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. <http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/82/8482-004-7D9CC6B2.jpg>.
This photograph, which was used in our site, is of a paper gouache depicting Confucius, which was made c.1700 AD.
Emperor Kangxi. Digital image. China Highlights. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2014. <http://www.chinahighlights.com/image/travelguide/culture/kangxi-emperor.jpg>.
This image of the Emperor Kangxi was used on our site.
Fangyi. N.d. Photograph. Freer Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. <http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/55/11955-004-D217CA89.jpg>.
This photograph which was used in a slideshow on our site shows a bronze fangyi. It helped us to show an example of the evolved bronze-ware during the Zhou period.
Gong. N.d. Photograph. Freer Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. <http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/66/10366-004-663610AA.jpg>.
This photograph which was used in a slideshow on our site shows a Shang period gong, in the traditional bronze. It helped us to show an example of the bronze-ware of early China.
Gu. N.d. Photograph. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. <http://media-1.web.britannica.com/eb-media/68/10368-004-23EA7468.jpg>.
This photograph which was used in a slideshow on our site shows a traditional Shang period gu, made of the typical bronze. It helped us to show an example of the bronze-ware in early China.
Hongwu. N.d. Photograph. National Palace Museum, Taipei. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 12 Jan. 2014. <http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/92/24792-004-8526CBC6.jpg>.
This black and white photograph which was used as an image on our site is of an inkwork of the rebel leader and emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, depicted in his imperial clothing.
Inkwork of Zhou chariots. Digital image. Cultural China. Cultural China, n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. <http://history.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/2009-12/17/zhou_dynasty_10th_century_bc__256_bcca8da6d282eaaeeb5d9e.jpg>.
This image which was used on our site depicts an inkwork from the Zhou period of Zhou chariots riding with their flags raised.
Jia. N.d. Photograph. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. <http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/77/12977-004-D0359AD0.jpg>.
This photograph which was used in a slideshow on our site shows a Shang period jia of the traditional bronze. It helped us to show an example of the bronze-ware of early China.
Opium Wars: Second Opium War, Woodcarving. 1856-60. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 12 Jan. 2014. <http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/63/100363-004-6BAD5889.jpg>.
This photograph of a woodcarving depicting a scene from the Second Opium War was used as an image on our site.
Polo, Marco: Marco Polo, His Uncle, and His Father Presenting the Pope’s Letter at the Court of Kublai Khan. N.d. Photograph. Bodleian Library, Oxford. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. <http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/00/121200-004-96639C57.jpg>.
This photograph which was used in our site is of an image in an illuminated manuscript from Europe. It depicts, in an extremely Westernized way, Marco Polo and his company in the court of the Yuan emperor, Kublai Khan.
Qin character writing. Digital image. Cultural China. Cultural China, n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. <http://arts.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/upload/upfiles/2009-09/11/different_styles_of_chinese_character_writing57829c1d2cf9bfada409.jpg>.
This image which was used in a slideshow on our site depicts Qin character writing. It helped us to show the standardization of writing during the Qin dynasty.
Silk: Embroidered Silk with Dragon, Phoenix, and Tiger Pattern. N.d. Photograph. Jingzhou Museum, Hubei Province, China. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. <http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/00/59200-004-397FBC3B.jpg>.
This photograph which was used in a slideshow on our site is of an embroidered silk artwork depicting animals and creatures from Zhou period folklore. It helped us to show an example of Zhou fabric design.
Xunzi. "Human Nature Is Evil." Xunzi. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Asia for Educators. Web. 3 Nov. 2013. <http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/cup/xunzi_human_nature.pdf>.
This source helped us to understand the principles of Confucian teachings according to Xunzi's views. The essay described vividly his opinions on human nature, which told that humans are naturally moved to unhealthy desire and greed, and unless such actions were curbed, society would dissolve to chaos and disorder. He also emphasized the great difference between nature and nurture.
Yongle. N.d. Photograph. National Palace Museum, Taipei. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 12 Jan. 2014. <http://media-1.web.britannica.com/eb-media/26/26926-004-65ECA8FF.jpg>.
This photograph of a portrait of Yongle was used as an image on our site.
Zhou Dynasty: Lacquerware. N.d. Photograph. Seattle Art Museum, Seattle. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. <http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/73/7973-004-ACA813C7.jpg>.
This photograph which was used in a slideshow on our site is of a wooden bowl with lacquer designs of birds and animals. It helped us to show an example of the lacquerware of the Zhou period.