Zhou Dynasty (1046-256BC)
The Zhou family rose to power in c.1046 BC, and began a new line of kings, who appointed nobles to govern their land in return for fealty.
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Examples of Zhou era bronze-ware and artwork, which are noticeably more complex than Shang era. |
Problems with Nobility
Over time, the dynasty grew, but the nobles wanted more power. Each formed their own kingdoms and began a time known as the Warring States Period. In the end, the Qin kingdom rose victorious.
Confucius, the Father of Confucianism
In this time of political unrest, a man by the name of K'ung Fu-tzu or Confucius began to teach of a lifestyle that would end problems. He told that if people behaved properly and respected others, they would be happy. This is summed up in his Five Relationships.
Gouache of Confucius, c.1770 AD. Click to enlarge.
Gouache of Confucius, c.1770 AD. Click to enlarge.
Five Relationships
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All of these but the fifth show the hierarchy of Confucian society. People should respect their superiors, and the superior should treat his subordinates which care. This was expected and in most cases, both ends were fulfilled.
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After the Qin took control of China, people began to gradually accept Confucianism. They believed that because their leaders acted as good Confucians, they were able to rule prosperously. They called this the Mandate of Heaven, because if their leaders were good in the eyes of Heaven, the dynasty continued.